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    Structures in C

    Structure groups variables of different types.

    Example:

    struct Person {
    int age;
    char grade;
};

    Declaring and using

    struct Person p1;
p1.age = 10;
p1.grade = 'A';

    Dot vs Arrow

    struct Person *ptr = &p1;
printf("%d", ptr->age);

    Initialization

    struct Person p2 = {10,'A'};

    Designated init:

    struct Person p3 = {.grade='B', .age=20};

    Passing struct

    By value:

    void f(struct Person p);

    By pointer (recommended):

    void f(struct Person *p);

    typedef

    typedef struct Person {
    int age;
    char grade;
} Person;

    Shallow vs Deep copy (important)

    If struct contains pointer:

    typedef struct {
    char *name;
    int age;
} Emp;

    Copying:

    Emp e2 = e1;

    Only pointer copied → shallow copy.

    Need deep copy manually (malloc + strcpy).

    Self referential struct

    Used in linked list:

    typedef struct Node{
    int data;
    struct Node *next;
} Node;